CLIC1 and carcinoma: For example, CLIC1 gene expression is significantly increased in bladder (51), in situ breast ductal (52) and ovarian (53) carcinomas, and it has been linked to oncogenic functions and poor prognosis in colorectal (48), gastric (49), hepatocellular (54), gallbladder (55), pancreatic (56), and lung carcinomas (57), and sarcomas (58).