TCF4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: It is well established that the downstream signaling events involving the Wnt/β-catenin cascade occur through T-cell factor (TCF)-4 transcription factor proteins38,39, and different TCF4 isoforms generated by alternative splicing events activated different downstream target genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC)40–42.