The overall incidence of AKI was 17.7% (n = 44) and the AKI group had a significantly higher rate of medical comorbidities, including diabetes (P <  0.001), pre-existing renal disease (P <  0.001), and medication with an ACE inhibitor (P = 0.037) than the non-AKI group. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.