CSF1R and Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: On the other hand, the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R) is the only known gene that has been identified in hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), which causes dementia, psychiatric symptoms, parkinsonism, seizures, and other neurological symptoms, and typically begins when patients are in their 40s and 50s [37].