TNF and autoimmune disease: For example, it induces its own secretionin macrophages, orchestrates tissue recruitment of immune cells, promotes tissuedestruction, and stimulates the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, anddifferent cell survival factors (8,28,29).Additionally, TNF-α is related to acute/chronic inflammation andhas been found to be associated with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases(18,28–30).