TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Our study showed that TNF-α-238A allele was associated with RA as aprotective factor but not related to SLE susceptibility in the overall population.In subgroup analysis by ethnicity in the association analysis ofTNF-α-238G/A and RA, no association was found except one studythat showed an association between TNF-α-238G/A and RAsusceptibility in Latin Americans.