First of all, liver monocytes isolated from naive, NAFLD, and koumine-treated rats were analyzed for the Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+), Th2 (CD4+IL-4+), Th17 (CD4+IL-17+), and Treg (CD4+Foxp3+) cell populations by flow cytometry. Here, FOXP3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.