These studies may prompt us to speculate that downregulated serum miR-146a-5p overexpresses its target genes IRAK1 and TRAF6, then activates the NF-κB signaling pathway and induces the production of type I interferons, OAS1, and Mx1, and consequently contributes to the pathogenesis of DM (Figure 5). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is dermatomyositis.