The aim of our study was to investigate the role of PTPN22 rs2476601 (p.Arg620Trp), NLRP3 rs35829419 (p.Gln705Lys), and CARD8 rs2043211 (p.Cys10Ter) in subjects with T1D who did not develop CD, in subjects with CD who did not develop T1D and in subjects who developed both diseases. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.