The authors also found that the effects of MetS and apoptotic T lymphocyte-derived MPs on the activation of ER stress in HAECs involved two membrane receptor interactions, Fas/FasL and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), that were both been previously found to be implicated in the vascular effects of MetS or apoptotic T lymphocytes-derived MPs [15, 89, 100]. Here, VLDLR is linked to metabolic syndrome.