Preclinical studies have shown that RANK-RANKL signalling is augmented in a population of luminal progenitor cells from precancerous breast tissues with heterozygous BRCA1 mutations, and that pharmacological inhibition of the RANK/RANKL pathway delayed the onset and reduced incidence of breast tumours in mice models [56–58]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11A and breast neoplasm.