As representatives of antiviral ISGs, protein kinase R (PLR; encoded by EIF2AK2) (Taylor et al., 1999; Balachandran et al., 2000), Viperin (encoded by RSAD2) (Chin and Cresswell, 2001; Wang et al., 2007; Gizzi et al., 2018) and MX dynamin-like GTPase 1 (MX1) (Melen et al., 1994; Gao et al., 2010) are widely known, and these ISGs strongly inhibit the infection of a broad range of viruses. The gene discussed is RSAD2; the disease is infection.