IL1B and neoplasm: Analyzing the lung tumor foci on 16 days after tumor inoculation suggested that Th9IL-4+IL-1β cells induced robust tumor clearance compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Th2 cell-treated groups (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Figure 12b), and Th9IL-4+IL-1β cells also showed superior long-term (40 days) antitumor capacity compared to classic Th9IL-4+TGF-β cells (Fig. 6b).