The precise mechanisms of increased TRPV2 expression at 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure are unclear, but may involve compensatory mechanisms to prevent the destruction of lung architecture; we have previously reported that collagen type IV and surfactant protein-A (SP-A), which protect against development of COPD, are upregulated despite progression of destructive changes in the lung [25]. The gene discussed is TRPV2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.