HHAT and cancer: Based on numerous mechanistic studies in different types of cancer cells, SKN is capable of inducing apoptosis through targeting virous antiapoptotic and proapoptotic pathways and related proteins, such as p53 [18], epidermal growth factor receptor signaling [19], proteasomes [20], reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation [21] and suppression of glycolysis and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) [22], and/or mediating necrosis [23].