KRAS and neoplasm: To investigate gene expression in the tree shrew pancreatic cancer model, tumor samples (n=3) were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) (Fig. S1), and the expression profiles were compared with the human pancreatic cancer samples containing KRAS, TP53 and CDKN2A/B mutations (n=30, from The Cancer Genome Atlas) and mouse pancreatic cancer, which was described in our previous study (Tu et al., 2017).