As shown in Figure 5, NEF overexpression significantly down-regulated, while NEF siRNA silencing significantly up-regulated the expression of TGF-β1 in cells of human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line, C33A (P<0.05), but not in HPV-positive human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SiHa. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cervical squamous cell carcinoma.