INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Substantial evidence exists that APS could downregulate blood glucose level, upregulate serum insulin concentration, increased beta cell mass and decrease apoptotic beta cell percentage, resulting in the downregulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio and upregulation of PPARγ gene expression in spleens of streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice [85,86,87].