PPARA and heart failure: In another study on the effects of AS-IV on heart failure, the authors found that AS-IV can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) to stimulate fatty acid β-oxidation and increase cardiac energy production, improving mitochondrial function and the efficiency of SERCA in heart failure in pressure overload-induced HF mice and isolated hypertrophic myocardial cells [73] (Figure 14).