RNASEL and infection: Using the prototype arthritogenic alphavirus SINV as a model of IFN induction, antiviral activity against infection was shown to be only partially dependent on the combined contribution of the two major dsRNA-triggered antiviral pathways, the coupled 2’,5’-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase (OAS)/RNase L pathway and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR pathway [55].