VIM and infection: Bacterial inclusions in infected RF/6A cells were assessed using confocal microscopy for the accumulation of vimentin, which is recruited early and remains irreversibly associated with the ApV for the entire infection cycle (Truchan et al, 2016b), and for the presence of APH0032, an A. phagocytophilum effector that is expressed and localizes to the ApV membrane during late-stage infection, between 20 and 32 h (Huang et al, 2010a; Oki et al, 2016).