INS and Insulin resistance: The authors found the following: lower elevation in insulin levels after exenatide treatment in the rs7903146 CT/TT genotype group was attributed to secretion of a more efficient insulin, improved insulin sensitivity, or an increase in glucose uptake by the action of exenatide; and, due to the relationship between higher proinsulin level and impaired β-cell function and insulin resistance [112,113], a greater reduction in proinsulin indicated that use of GLP-1 receptor agonists may play a more important role in β-cell function in patients with CT/TT genotype.