Therefore, in the conext of the current study’s objective, we selected PTPN22 (W620R,) IL6R (D358A), and TYK2 (P1104A) as “positive control variants” because we know their pathogenic potential in contributing to the development of RA, from GWAS findings (≥P-value significance threshold of 5 × 10−8). Here, PTPN22 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.