Irrgang et al. (2015) used MALDI-TOF MS to select differential proteins in P. zopfii pathogenic strains, and observed that MDH may be a candidate virulence factor. Previous studies also noted that the over-expression of MDH is common in several opportunistic pathogens, including the most common opportunistic pathogen C. albicans (Tylicki et al., 2008). Moreover, sera of patients with aspergillosis, infections of C. albicans, or Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, have been reported to possess antibodies against MDH (Da et al., 2001; Pitarch et al., 2004; Shi et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene MDH2 and infection.