These results were later corroborated in the same human in vitro cellular systems, as well as in Fmr1 KO mice (Kelley et al., 2007), suggesting the existence of a conserved role for an “FMRP-cAMP pathway.” Importantly, altered cAMP signaling has also been correlated with autism (Kelley et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and autism.