TNF and infection: In contrast, the release of IL-1β and IL-6 in CVCC541-infected mice was increased significantly at 1, 3 and 7 days but declined at 11 days (Figure 1c), while the expression of TNFα was increased well into 11 days; the secretion of IL-1β and IL-6 in CMCC50115-infected mice, after slight increasing at 1 and 3 days, relapsed to normal levels at 7 days, with the TNFα level starting to decrease after 3 days post infection (Figure 1c).