IL6 and ischemia: It could be found from Figure 5A that the expression levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly reduced in penumbra of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 treated rats compared with those with vehicle after 1.5 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion (p < 0.01), while the effect of other ginsenosides was not as strong as Rb1 and Rg3.