Renal tubular dysfunctions have been described following long-term low-level exposure to cadmium [56].In the kidney, TRPV5 and TRPV6 are the major routes for cadmium entry into the cells, though they mainly mediate calcium transport in distal convoluted and connecting renal tubules [57].TRPV6 channels are endogenously expressed in MCD4 cells [58], where they might constitute a possible pathway for cadmium entry. The gene discussed is TRPV5; the disease is renal tubule disorder.