In univariate analyses within the group with HIV, lower TBS was associated with IVDU (PE -0.117 [-0.163, -0.070], p<0.001), a longer known duration of HIV infection (PE -0.005 [-0.008, -0.002], p = 0.001), being Hepatitis C positive (PE -0.221, [-0.347, -0.097], p = 0.001), a lower nadir CD4+ T-cell count (PE per 50 cells/mm3 lower -0.005 [-0.003, -0.002], p = 0.004), exposure to a longer duration of ART (PE per year -0.018 [-0.036, 0.003], p = 0.01) and any exposure to PIs (PE -0.051 [-0.087, -0.015], p = 0.006) but not exposure to TDF (PE -0.023 [-0.065, 0.019], p = 0.27) (S2 Table). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV infectious disease.