ATXN3 and Parkinson disease: Analogously, positive effects of CAST overexpression as well as negative consequences of an CAST knockout on disease protein toxicity were shown in further cell and mouse models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as ALS, PD, and SCA3, without, however, linking it directly to autophagy [44, 45, 48, 50, 52–54, 170].