Chemokines produced by tumor itself, cancer-associated fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes (27, 28), through the binding of chemokine receptors expressed by tumor cells, directly promote cancer cell proliferation activating different signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK/ERK pathway (29–31). Here, NFKB1 is linked to cancer.