Another study by Helegbe et al. observed the role of anti-EPO antibodies in malarial anaemia by evaluating anti-EPO antibody in relation to the pathogenesis of malaria-related anaemia in different strains of semi-immune mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, where they established that malaria infection was associated with anti-EPO antibody production in some strains of mice [13]. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is anemia (phenotype).