IL4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: To explore the potential effect of mitochondrial fission on TAM infiltration and underlying mechanisms, we first examined the expression and secretion of major cytokines and chemokines, including CCL2, CCL17, TGF-β, IL-4, IL-13, and VEGF, which play important roles in regulation of TAM infiltration, in HCC cells with Drp1 overexpression or knockdown using quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).