In this retrospective cohort of patients with surgically resectable HCC, although no significant sex differences were found in OS, RFS and MFS, we found different prognosis between male and female patients, restricted to certain subgroups (in patients with lower AFP ≤35 ng/mL, women showed better recurrence-free and metastasis-free survival; in patients with PT <1.1, men showed better overall survival). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.