Furthermore, understanding the anti-tumour immunological properties of CD8+ T-cells and Tregs has not only led to the development of checkpoint inhibitors but also added a new dimension in the management of advanced HCC, and both CTLA-4 and PD-1 are two principles, extensively studied checkpoints, which normally prevent the overstimulation of anti-tumour immune responses. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.