Preliminary studies have found that GCNT1 can be detected in post-digital rectal examination (post-DRE) urine from 35 prostate cancer patients by immunoblotting, and used to predict the extracapsular extension of prostate cancer (the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for GCNT1 was 0.7614, compared to 0.7455 for PSA) [139]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.