MAPK3 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma: The authors of that study suggested that the correlation between BRAF mutation and COX-2 is mediated by insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) as shown in human pancreatic carcinomas, where IGF-1R is enhanced by the BRAF mutation and mediates COX-2 expression selectively via the MAPK/(Erk-1/2) pathway [47].