To exert local activities, various lymphoid cells need to recognize MAdCAM-1 addressin displayed by mucosal high endothelial venules and lamina propria vessels, which also offers a potential target mechanism for IBD amelioration, using either anti-α4β7/α4β1 integrin antibodies or anti-MAdCAM-1 therapy, respectively (26). Here, MADCAM1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.