ABCG2 and hyperuricemia: In the next decade, after identifying ABCG2 as a physiologically important urate transporter, a positive relationship between ABCG2 dysfunction and increased risk of human diseases, such as gout and hyperuricemia was revealed (Matsuo et al., 2009; Woodward et al., 2009; Ichida et al., 2012; Higashino et al., 2017).