IL1A and neoplasm: We observed that a single dose of IL-1α-NPs (0.5 mg NPs containing 7.5 μg IL-1α) i.p. on Day 1 of treatment in combination with cetuximab (8 mg/mouse, twice/week for 2 wks) (CTX + IL-1α-NP) to female TUBO-EGFR-bearing BALB/c mice demonstrated significantly reduced tumor growth compared to IgG + EMP-NP, CTX + EMP-NP, and IgG + IL-1α-NP treatment groups (Fig. 5A).