IL1A and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: In order to begin to understand how IL-1 signaling may impact HNSCC tumor response to cetuximab, we showed that IL-1 blockade using anakinra did not enhance or affect tumor response to cetuximab treatment in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models (Fig. 2D-F) suggesting that under the described experimental conditions, IL-1 signaling may not play a major role in the anti-tumor efficacy of cetuximab.