IL1A and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: So far in an ongoing study, we have found clear evidence of significantly longer PFS in a small cohort (n = 11) of HNSCC patients (with available clinical outcome data) treated with cetuximab-based chemotherapy with detectable baseline IL-1α levels compared to undetectable baseline IL-1α by ELISA (Fig. 7), suggesting that IL-1α expression may be a predictive indicator of recurrence or PFS in cetuximab-based chemotherapy-treated HNSCC patients.