LPA and coronary artery disorder: For example Kostner et al.162 have estimated that CAD risk is 2.3 times higher in patients with Lp(a) concentrations >500 mg/L, while Riches and Porter have calculated that risk was twice greater for Lp(a) concentrations >200 mg/L.163 In a meta-analysis of 40 prospective studies with 58,000 participants, a two-fold increase in the risk for developing CAD and cerebral vascular accident was found in individuals with smaller apo(a) isoforms, regardless of the Lp(a) concentration and the classical risk factors.135