Interestingly, reconstitution with immune-sensitizing microbes was associated with accumulation of memory CCR9-expressing Th1-associated chemokine receptor-expressing CD4+ T-cells in tumor beds, metastatic lymph nodes, and draining lymph nodes 48 h after the first injection of anti-PD-1 antibody, formation of intratumoral granulomas, DC-induced IL-12 secretion, and increased CD4/Foxp3 ratios. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and neoplasm.