In view of the failure of patients with refractory JIA-associated uveitis to either respond, or subsequently flare on anti-TNF therapy, and the strong evidence base for the rationale for targeting IL-6 in the disease pathogenesis, a phase II trial of the potential efficacy, safety and tolerability of anti-IL-6 therapy is being undertaken to decide whether further research is justified. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is juvenile idiopathic arthritis.