Infection with double-stranded DNA viruses, such as CMV, are known to trigger the common TLR signaling pathway that elicits the activation of NFκB and MAPK through the Myd88 adaptor (Compton et al., 2003), while other pathways, such as the IPS-1 and STING mediated pathways, induce type-I IFN synthesis (Seth et al., 2005; Cheng et al., 2007; Ishikawa et al., 2009) resulting in downstream target activation. The gene discussed is STING1; the disease is infection.