The roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) stress kinase and the inhibitor of kappa B (IKKβ) inflammatory kinase in IR, β-cell function and type 2 diabetes are well established and as such, they emerged as attractive therapeutic targets for obesity-induced IR and type 2 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.