Given that these cells act as central players of immune responses and that ROS have been described to be an integral part of antiviral responses, it was important to determine whether the expression of A3A in primary DCs could lead to a DNA damage response and to ROS that could in turn contribute to the poor susceptibility of these cells to viral infection or that could more generally play a role in the antiviral functions of DCs. This evidence concerns the gene APOBEC3A and viral infectious disease.