The observed relationships between cytokine dysregulation and mortality are further supported by previous studies identifying that the sepsis response impairs INF-y production [33], monocyte expression of HLA-DR and production of leukocyte cytokines (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-a) [34, 35], and macrophage phagocytic and microbicidal activity and their ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF-a [36]. Here, TNF is linked to Sepsis.