TNF and lung carcinoma: At 9 and 18 weeks, respectively, there were slighter carcinoma lesions and less lung cancer nodes in emodin group than those in control group (Fig. 4), which were in line with the decreased hypercoagulation, N2 neutrophils and NETs (Fig. 2) and the improved cytokine levels indicated by the increased IFN-γ, IL-12 and ROS and the decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β1 (Fig. 3c, d).