IRS1 and endothelial dysfunction: In addition to the structural changes, endothelial dysfunction provokes vasomotor dysregulation and vascular stiffening.46, 47, 48 Therefore, endothelial IR, which indicates the dysregulation of IRS‐1/PI3‐kinase/Akt/eNOS signaling, could be involved in the pathogenesis of arterial stiffness.