This also provides, at least in part, the rationale for the role of brain insulin in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical impact of intranasal insulin administration on mood and memory recall (Benedict et al., 2007; Carro, Trejo, Gomez‐Isla, LeRoith, & Torres‐Aleman, 2002; Freiherr et al., 2013). Here, INS is linked to neurodegenerative disease.