Though the genetic architecture of CAVD is just emerging, genome-wide association (GWA) studies and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have underlined in the last 5 years that LPA, which encodes for apoliprotein(a) [apo(a)], is causally associated with CAVD (9, 10). The gene discussed is LPA; the disease is congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.