IFNG and neoplasm: In addition, E2 modulates the macrophage's activation (72), which is mainly classified into two categories: classical activation (macrophages kill microbes and act as anti-tumor effector cells), which is promoted by IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TH2-related cytokines or alternative activation (macrophages lay down extracellular matrix components to promote wound healing, angiogenesis, and sustain tumor progression).